Journal of Agricultural Science & Engineering Innovation (JASEI)

An overview of Deep Learning Models for Foliar Disease Detection in Maize Crop

JAGRATI PALIWAL — 2024-12-31

Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy and India is among the top three global producers of agricultural products. Protecting the crops and producing healthy yields is a prime goal of the agriculture industries. The agricultural crops are susceptible to diseases and demands proactive early diagnosis and treatment. Studies and Research are in progress to find smart methods and techniques for accurate diagnosis of crop diseases to prevent major yield losses and financial losses. The present study outlines the role of Deep Learning in the crop disease detection and discusses the future advancements in maize disease detection. The paper focuses on the Deep Learning techniques used in identification of diseases on maize plant leaf and describes about some common maize diseases and its classification methods. A disease detection process flow is described in the article which explains the steps involved in development of automated disease detection model. The paper shall help readers to gain insight on Deep Learning techniques to solve classification problems and encourage them to proceed for future work in the concerned domain.

Seed Health Evaluation of Different Varieties of Lentil by Physical Methods

Dulesh Sahu — 2024-12-31

Seed health evaluation was attempted for seed lots of different varieties of lentil viz. DPL-62, IPL-81, JL-3, K-75, L-4076 and local variety from randomly selected village. Dry seed examination showed the status of healthy seeds, damaged seeds, shrunken seeds, small or under sized seeds, discoloured seeds, inert matter and other crop variety seeds in seed lots. Dry seed examination revealed that JL-3 variety showed the maximum purity as compare to other lentil varieties taken in the study and local variety were found as minimum pure among all the varieties. Washing test was also performed and maximum spore load was recorded from seed lot of local variety which include i.e. 20×10² which includes eight spores of Rhizopus stolonifer, three spores of Aspergillus flavus, two spores each of Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride and Cladosporium sp. and one spore of Alternaria alternata. While JL-3 and K-75 (13×10²) variety showed the minimum spore load among all the lentil varieties taken in the study.

Study of Antioxidant Potential of Two Edible Aroids viz., Ghandiyali (Alocasia spp.) and Zimikand (Amorphophallus campanulatus) and Preparation of their Pickles

Jasmanpreet Kaur — 2024-12-31

Edible aroids were considered among the world’s most ancient food crops that are also known for their medicinal properties. The edible aroids are known to possess a number of nutraceutical properties, however due to the presence of acridity there use in the preparation of value added products are quite limited. In the present investigation, the physico-chemical parameters of the fresh corms were recorded in two edible aroids viz., Ghandiyali and Zimikand. Further, a comparison of their antioxidant potentials was also made. Moreover, different recipes (dry and oil based) were tried for the preparation of their pickles. The pickles were subjected to the organoleptic evaluation at 30 days interval during the 90 days of storage period. The giant taro was found to be significantly rich in antioxidants with higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and ascorbic acid content than the elephant foot yam. Among the treatments (giant taro oil pickle, elephant foot yam oil pickle, giant taro dry pickle and elephant foot yam dry pickle) the giant taro oil pickle was found best in organoleptic evaluation in terms of taste, appearance, aroma and flavour and overall acceptability after the storage period. Whereas, the least acridity score was recorded in giant taro oil pickle at 0 days, which remained least even after the 90 days storage.

Ecology of Bombylius major species Systoechus solitus in Pattan region of District Baramulla, Kashmir

Yasir irfan Yasir Irfan Yattoo — 2024-12-31

The paper reviews briefly the presently available information on bee-flies and their role in the pollination of flowers. Field work concentrated on factors affecting frequencies of bee-flies. The results indicate that the significance of bee-flies in pollination is commonly undervalued. The activity of the bee-flies depends strongly on weather conditions. Low flight activity was recorded in shade and preferred open habitats. The highest appearance was found in the month of August.

Climbing Strategies: A Key to Understanding Liana Ecology in Tropical Forests

Subalakshmi Rout — 2024-12-31

Abstract

Lianas are a central component of tropical forests, yet the relationship between their climbing mechanisms and the functional and taxonomic diversity across the tropics remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested two main hypotheses: (a) that the functional diversity of lianas varies with climbing mechanism, distinguishing between active (e.g., twining, tendrils) and passive (e.g., scramblers, hookers) climbers, and (b) that the association between taxonomic diversity and factors such as contemporary climate, forest structure, and phylogeny differs between climbing mechanisms. By analyzing functional traits and taxonomic diversity across a broad range of tropical environments, the study aims to clarify the ecological and evolutionary drivers shaping liana diversity. Our findings are expected to provide novel insights into the role of climbing strategies in the adaptive success of lianas and their contribution to forest dynamics under varying environmental conditions. The study highlights significant differences in functional diversity specifically in terms of richness, dispersion, evenness, and originality between active and passive climbing species. These differences likely reflect distinct ecological strategies for resource use, stress tolerance, and dispersal. By integrating taxonomic and functional diversity metrics with data on climbing mechanisms, it provides more comprehensive understanding of the ecological roles of lianas and their varying responses to environmental factors, including climate change. This approach offers deeper insights into how lianas may adapt to or be affected by shifting climatic conditions in tropical forests.